Financial Inclusion and Sustainable Growth in North African Firms: A Dynamic-Panel-Threshold Approach

This paper investigates the impact of financial inclusion on sustainable firm growth in Northern African countries (Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia) during period 2007–2020. To this end, study employs a dynamic panel threshold regression (DPTR) model. model is panel-data that can capture different behaviors data, depending variable. The main results showed existence effect. means when low (high), limited (significant) due to absence (presence) appropriate financing, information, tools. However, levels North are insufficient require improvement. Therefore, it essential for policymakers managers continue promote quality by improving access services regulatory environment facilitate firms’ financing support their sustainability.